Typology

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"Science of classifying stone tools by form, techniques and technological traits. Must include duplication of the technique by first observing the intentional form, then reconstructing or replicating the tool in the exact order of the aboriginal workman. Shows elements of culture. Typology cannot be based on function." (Crabtree 1982:57[1])
Typology is the science of artefact types. The purpose of the typological method is to classify artefacts into groups or series based on similarity in shape, size, technique, decoration/style, use or other special traits. On the basis of this similarity a conclusion can be reached concerning the development and relationship between artefacts (Østmo og Hedeager 2006; Fagen 1996).


Below you will find a typological overview of some of the most common lithic tools Stone Age, with special emphasis on Scandinavia tool types.
Common typological categories include:


Choppers and cleavers

see main article

 

Handaxes

see main article


 

Scrapers

See main article


 

Projectile points

see main article



 

Denticulates (and notches)

see main article 

Piercers and borers

see main article



Burins

A burin is a tool which can take many forms but all are made by the burin blow technique. This has been defined as the action of making the ´sides´ of a burin. See main article .


Axes

see main article


Microliths

see main article


Sickles 

see main article


Daggers

see main article



Other:

  • Knapping tools
  • Net sinkers
  • Amber artefacts


References

  1. Crabtree, Don E. 1982 An Introduction to Flintworking. Occasional Papers of the Idaho Museum of Natural History 28.