Abbreviations and terminology
From mn/geo/geoit
Abbreviations
3DDA Three-dimensional data assimilation, using only those observations available at the time of analysis (Wiki) 4DDA / nudging Four-dimensional data assimilation, using also observations available at a later time than the time of analysis ABL Atmospheric Boundary Layer AOML-HRD NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division ARW Advanced Research WRF BB Big Brother (outer domain) (Køltzow-2008) C or TC Tropical Cyclone(s) CHASM The chameleon land surface model was among the earliest efforts to explore the impact of model complexity on model performance. cpp C Preprocessor Program DTC Developmental Testbed Center, located in Boulder, CO EC data Data from ECMWF in Reading, UK ECMWF MARS Meteorological archive retrieval system (data archive) EMC, NRL, NCEP Environmental Modeling Center ERA ECMWF Reanalysis ERA-15 The first project, ERA-15 (1979-1993) ERA-40 the second extended reanalysis project, ERA-40 (1957-2002) ERA-Interim A data assimilation system that uses a 2006 release of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS Cy31r2), which contains many improvements both in the forecasting model and analysis methodology relative to ERA-40. ESRL Earth System Research Laboratory ET Extratropical Transition FIFE Observed suface fluxes from the First International ISLSCP Field Experiment FTE Forecast Track Error GCM Global Climate Model or General Circulation Model GDAS Global Data Assimilation System (NCEP product) GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GFS Global Forecast System (NCEP product) GLACE Global Land‐Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (Koster-2006) GRIP Gridded binary (a certain format) GSWP Global soil wetness project (se Niu-2011) HFIP Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project HIRLAM High-resolution limited area model HRLDAS The High Resolution Land Data Assimilation System HWRF Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model HWRFx Experimental HWRF developed by the AOML-HRD IFS Integrated Forecasting System, method used in reanalysis at ECMWF IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ISLSCP Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project LSM Land Surface Model(s) MFC Moisture Flux Convergence MODIS NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MSLP Mean Sea Level Pressure described in millibars MYJ Mellor-Yamada-Janjic PBL parameterization in the WRF model NAM North American Model (covers continental united states) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NCEP National Center for Environmental Prediction NDAS NAM Data Assimilation System (covers continental united states) NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research NMM Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model NMM Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Mode NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAH NOAH is an acronym of acronyms for the contributing offices that helped develop the land surface model. N=NCEP, O=Oregon State University (Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences), A=Air Force (AF Weather Agency and AF Research Lab), H=NWS Hydrologic Research Lab Noah V3 Noah version 3.0 Noah-MP a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Niu-2011). Newer version than Noah LSM 3.0. NWP Numerical Weather Prediction NWS National Weather Service PAR photosynthetically active radiation (see Niu-2011) PBE Perfect Boundary Experiment (Christensen, J.H et al 1997 Clim Dyn 11 p 3204) PBL Planetary Boundary Layer PIPLS Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (se Niu-2011) POM Princeton Ocean Model RAL Research Applications Laboratory at NCAR RCM Regional Climate Model RegClim Regional Climate Development Under Global Warming (Norwegian research project 1997-2006) SST Sea Surface Temperature SZA Solar Zenith Angle (see Niu-2011) TS Tropical Storm USGS United States Geological Survey WFD Watch Forcing Data WFDEI Watch Forcing Data-Era Interim WPS WRF Pre-processing System WRF Weather Research and Forecasting Model YSU Yonsei University PBL scheme in the WRF model
Terminology
Analysis the production of an accurate image of the true state of the atmosphere at a given time represented in a model as a collection of numbers ("Data assimilation concepts and methods" by F. Bouttier and P. Courtier). Assimilation Data assimilation is an analysis technique in which the observed information is accumulated into the model state by taking advantage of consistency constraints with laws of time evolution and physical properties. ("Data assimilation concepts and methods" by F. Bouttier and P. Courtier). Climate mode Let the model run for a long time using one set of input. Is updated at the boundaries (SST every hour), but can drift a lot in the middle. domain Dynamical a model is involved Forecast mode Every 7.th or 14.th day, the simulations are started anew with observations in all grid points, not just at the boundaries, and not just using SST. Nesting Different domains having different resolution. The outer nest is an odd number greater than the inner. Nudging (4DDA) (tuning) force the large-scale phenomena to be reproduced, and let the small-scale effects develop. Offline Can force the model using WFDEI or ERA-Interim to avoid chaotic states, but the drawback is that the land surface cannot feed back to the atmosphere. parameter space see Gulden et al. 2008 Parameterization the process of deciding and defining the parameters necessary for a complete or relevant specification of a model. (Wiki) In a weather or climate model within numerical weather prediction refers to the method of replacing processes that are too small-scale or complex to be physically represented in the model by a simplified process. (Wiki) parametrization_(climate) Predictability the degree to which a correct prediction or forecast of a system's state can be made either qualitatively or quantitatively. (Wiki) Reanalysis Uses a global NWP to combine simulations and observations and fill in data in all gridpoints. WPS-geogrid defines model domains and interpolates static geographical data to the grids. Purpose: to define the simulation domains, and interpolate various terrestrial data sets to the model grids. WPS-metgrid horizontally interpolates the meteorological fields extracted by ungrib to the model grids defined by geogrid. WPS-real.exe "program for real-data simulations. The work of vertically interpolating meteorological fields to WRF eta levels is performed within the real program." WPS-ungrib extracts meteorological fields from GRIB-formatted files