Difference between revisions of "Alpha/beta-Discrimination"
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The ability to discriminate between <math>\alpha</math>- and <math>\beta</math>-particles lies in the small difference in pulse shapes. The following steps explain the difference in pulse profile. | The ability to discriminate between <math>\alpha</math>- and <math>\beta</math>-particles lies in the small difference in pulse shapes. The following steps explain the difference in pulse profile. | ||
− | # The initial interaction of the <math>\alpha</math>-particle is much stronger than the <math>\beta</math>-particle due to a) the double charge, and b) the low velocity. The <math>\alpha</math>-range is much less than <math>\beta</math>-range so that the ionisations produce a very high-density track. Compared with the <math>\beta</math>-particle, the <math>\alpha</math>-particle produces fewer excitations (~ 0.4%). Since it is the excitations which contribute to the pulse, equal energies of <math>\alpha<math> and <math>\beta</math give an <math>\aplha</math>-pulse height approximately 10% of the <math>\beta</math>-pulse height. It is the greater density of ions and electrons which will produce the difference in pulse profile. | + | # The initial interaction of the <math>\alpha</math>-particle is much stronger than the <math>\beta</math>-particle due to a) the double charge, and b) the low velocity. The <math>\alpha</math>-range is much less than <math>\beta</math>-range so that the ionisations produce a very high-density track. Compared with the <math>\beta</math>-particle, the <math>\alpha</math>-particle produces fewer excitations (~ 0.4%). Since it is the excitations which contribute to the pulse, equal energies of <math>\alpha</math> and <math>\beta</math> give an <math>\aplha</math>-pulse height approximately 10% of the <math>\beta</math>-pulse height. It is the greater density of ions and electrons which will produce the difference in pulse profile. |
# Due to the density of ions, the probability of recombination of an ion and electron is greater for <math>\alpha</math> than <math>\beta</math>. | # Due to the density of ions, the probability of recombination of an ion and electron is greater for <math>\alpha</math> than <math>\beta</math>. | ||
# Recombination may produce a ground state molecule or an excited molecule. | # Recombination may produce a ground state molecule or an excited molecule. |
Revision as of 09:22, 20 June 2012
In modern LSC equipment it is possible to discriminate between the
- and -emissions. The resolution of the -peaks is relatively poor due to the small number of excitations produced but the background associated with the -emissions is very small.The ability to discriminate between
- and -particles lies in the small difference in pulse shapes. The following steps explain the difference in pulse profile.- The initial interaction of the -particle is much stronger than the -particle due to a) the double charge, and b) the low velocity. The -range is much less than -range so that the ionisations produce a very high-density track. Compared with the -particle, the -particle produces fewer excitations (~ 0.4%). Since it is the excitations which contribute to the pulse, equal energies of and give an -pulse height approximately 10% of the -pulse height. It is the greater density of ions and electrons which will produce the difference in pulse profile.
- Due to the density of ions, the probability of recombination of an ion and electron is greater for than .
- Recombination may produce a ground state molecule or an excited molecule.
- Quantum mechanics postulates the number of states (orientations) is given by 2s + 1, where s = spin. Spin of singlet (S) = 0, spin of triplet (T) = 1. Hence, for a singlet, the number of states = 1 whereas for a triplet, the number of states = 3.
produce mainly triplets. - The excited singlet will undergo fluorescence and emit a photon in a very short time.
- The excited triplets have a longer lifetime due to the low probability of changing spin from 1 to 0. The concentration of excited molecules is such that there is a probability of two 3X* molecules colliding.
3X* + 3X* 1X* + 1X* + phonons. This is triplet annihilation.