Difference between revisions of "Radionuclide Generator"
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− | + | The task in this Laboratory Exercise is to record a disintegration curve of <sup>234m</sup>Pa and from this curve determine the half-life of the nuclide. The <sup>234m</sup>Pa radionuclide is obtained from a generator system consisting of an ion exchanger column with fixed <sup>234</sup>Th where the daughter is milked by a liquid elution process. The α particles from the produced <sup>234m</sup>Pa-source is recorded by a GM-detector. | |
==== Learning Goals ==== | ==== Learning Goals ==== | ||
− | * | + | *Understand mother-daughter relations and radioactive equilibrium |
− | * | + | *Understand how a radio-nuclide generator works and how it is used |
− | * | + | *Understand how radioactivity is "growing in" |
− | + | *Training in handling radioactive material and safety procedures | |
− | ==== Explanation and Exercise Guide ==== | + | ==== Explanation and Exercise Guide ==== |
+ | |||
+ | '''Theory''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Student Guide - [[Principle Behind Mother-Daughter Relationship]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Experimental procedure''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Student guide - [[Preparing solutions for 234mPa radionuclide generator]] | ||
+ | *Student guide - [[How to Make a 234mPa Radionuclide generator|making the <sup>234m</sup>Pa radionuklide generator]] | ||
+ | *Student guide - [[How to Measure the Half Life of 234mPa|how to measure the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa - old fashion with GM-probe]] | ||
+ | *Student guide - [[How to Measure the Half Life of 234mPa - with MCA system|how to measure the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa - using an MCA with NaI]] | ||
+ | *Student guide - [[Determining the Half Life of 234mPa|determining the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa]] | ||
+ | *Instructions to teachers and supervisors | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Other''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *[[Feed back on 234mPa/234Th Radionuclide Generator Lab Exercise|Experience and feed-back from teachers (please add yours also!)]] | ||
==== Equipment ==== | ==== Equipment ==== | ||
− | * | + | *[https://us.vwr.com/stibo/hi_res/AA33257-Q9_11092007.pdf HCl (MSDS)] on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) |
− | *DOWEX | + | *[http://www.gfschemicals.com/msdssearch/atn/MSDS%20US_English_DOWEX%C2%AE%2050WX4-200%2C%20CATION-EXCHANGE%20RESIN.pdf DOWEX 50x4 (MSDS)] (50-100 mesh) |
− | *Uranyl | + | *[http://gerhardl.phpwebhosting.com/MSDS%20PDF/UV/Uranyl%20Nitrate.pdf Uranyl Nitrate (MSDS)] - UO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> |
− | *NaAc + K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] solution (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) (prepared by mixing 8 g NaC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 40 g K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] in 1 L water) | + | *[http://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/20860.htm NaAc (MSDS)] + K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] solution (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) (prepared by mixing 8 g NaC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 40 g [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927708 K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] (MSDS)] in 1 L water) |
− | *5% citric acid (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) | + | *5% [https://us.vwr.com/stibo/hi_res/EM1_00241_9029_11232009.PDF citric acid (MSDS)] (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) |
− | *0.1 M AgNO<sub>3</sub> (on 50 mL flasks) | + | *0.1 M [https://us.vwr.com/stibo/hi_res/RC697032_11152007.pdf AgNO<sub>3</sub> (MSDS)] (on 50 mL flasks) |
− | *Suitable columns which can be fitted with a stopper connected to a rubber ball so it can be pressurized (to quickly elute drops with short lived | + | *Suitable columns which can be fitted with a stopper connected to a rubber ball so it can be pressurized (to quickly elute drops with short lived <sup>234</sup>Pa from the column). |
− | *Stop watches (one for each student) | + | *Stop watches (one for each student) |
− | *Sample holders to catch eluted drops from the colund and which can be mounted conveniently in the detector chamber | + | *Sample holders to catch eluted drops from the colund and which can be mounted conveniently in the detector chamber |
− | *Detectors - GM counters works well, but we have also used plastic scintillators mounted on PMTs and NaI-detectors. High efficiency is necessary to get | + | *Detectors - GM counters works well, but we have also used plastic scintillators mounted on PMTs and NaI-detectors. High efficiency is necessary to get good counting statistics even after the first 5-6 minutes. |
==== Safety Aspects ==== | ==== Safety Aspects ==== | ||
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*Rad. safety - very small amounts of uranyl nitrate is used, so rad. safety is mostly about regulations and not a real healt hazzard. Remember to collect the DOWEX from the ion-exchange collumns in separate containers as it is contaminated with 24-day <sup>234</sup>Th (will be none-radioactive after one year). | *Rad. safety - very small amounts of uranyl nitrate is used, so rad. safety is mostly about regulations and not a real healt hazzard. Remember to collect the DOWEX from the ion-exchange collumns in separate containers as it is contaminated with 24-day <sup>234</sup>Th (will be none-radioactive after one year). | ||
− | [[Category:KJM5911]] [[Category:Courses]] [[Category:Laboratory_exercise]] [[Category:Radio_chemistry]] [[Category:Radionuclide_generator]] [[Category:Half_life]] | + | [[Category:KJM5911]] [[Category:Courses]] [[Category:Laboratory_exercise]] [[Category:Radio_chemistry]] [[Category:Radionuclide_generator]] [[Category:Half_life]] [[Category:Master]] |
Latest revision as of 21:34, 4 October 2012
The task in this Laboratory Exercise is to record a disintegration curve of 234mPa and from this curve determine the half-life of the nuclide. The 234mPa radionuclide is obtained from a generator system consisting of an ion exchanger column with fixed 234Th where the daughter is milked by a liquid elution process. The α particles from the produced 234mPa-source is recorded by a GM-detector.
Learning Goals
- Understand mother-daughter relations and radioactive equilibrium
- Understand how a radio-nuclide generator works and how it is used
- Understand how radioactivity is "growing in"
- Training in handling radioactive material and safety procedures
Explanation and Exercise Guide
Theory
- Student Guide - Principle Behind Mother-Daughter Relationship
Experimental procedure
- Student guide - Preparing solutions for 234mPa radionuclide generator
- Student guide - making the 234mPa radionuklide generator
- Student guide - how to measure the half life of 234mPa - old fashion with GM-probe
- Student guide - how to measure the half life of 234mPa - using an MCA with NaI
- Student guide - determining the half life of 234mPa
- Instructions to teachers and supervisors
Other
Equipment
- HCl (MSDS) on 100 mL flasks, one for each student)
- DOWEX 50x4 (MSDS) (50-100 mesh)
- Uranyl Nitrate (MSDS) - UO2(NO3)2
- NaAc (MSDS) + K4[Fe(CN)6] solution (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) (prepared by mixing 8 g NaC2H3O2 and 40 g K4[Fe(CN)6 (MSDS)] in 1 L water)
- 5% citric acid (MSDS) (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student)
- 0.1 M AgNO3 (MSDS) (on 50 mL flasks)
- Suitable columns which can be fitted with a stopper connected to a rubber ball so it can be pressurized (to quickly elute drops with short lived 234Pa from the column).
- Stop watches (one for each student)
- Sample holders to catch eluted drops from the colund and which can be mounted conveniently in the detector chamber
- Detectors - GM counters works well, but we have also used plastic scintillators mounted on PMTs and NaI-detectors. High efficiency is necessary to get good counting statistics even after the first 5-6 minutes.
Safety Aspects
- Chemical safety - nothing particulary dangerous, 2 M HCl and 0.1 M AgNO3 should of course be handled according to normal safety precations. DOWEX residues and waste should be collected and handled according to normal procedures.
- Rad. safety - very small amounts of uranyl nitrate is used, so rad. safety is mostly about regulations and not a real healt hazzard. Remember to collect the DOWEX from the ion-exchange collumns in separate containers as it is contaminated with 24-day 234Th (will be none-radioactive after one year).