Difference between revisions of "Radionuclide Generator"
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Jonpo@uio.no (talk | contribs) |
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==== Learning Goals ==== | ==== Learning Goals ==== | ||
− | *Understand mother-daughter relations and radioactive equilibrium | + | *Understand mother-daughter relations and radioactive equilibrium |
− | *Understand how a radio-nuclide generator works and how it is used | + | *Understand how a radio-nuclide generator works and how it is used |
− | *Understand how radioactivity is "growing in" | + | *Understand how radioactivity is "growing in" |
*Training in handling radioactive material and safety procedures | *Training in handling radioactive material and safety procedures | ||
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*Student guide - theory | *Student guide - theory | ||
− | *Student guide - [[How to Make a 234mPa Radionuclide generator|making the <sup>234m</sup>Pa radionuklide generator]] | + | *Student guide - [[How to Make a 234mPa Radionuclide generator|making the <sup>234m</sup>Pa radionuklide generator]] |
− | *Student guide - [[How to Measure the Half Life of 234mPa|how to measure the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa]] | + | *Student guide - [[How to Measure the Half Life of 234mPa|how to measure the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa]] |
*Student guide - determining the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa | *Student guide - determining the half life of <sup>234m</sup>Pa | ||
*Instructions to teachers and supervisors | *Instructions to teachers and supervisors | ||
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*Uranyl nitrate - UO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sub></sub> | *Uranyl nitrate - UO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sub></sub> | ||
*NaAc + K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] solution (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) (prepared by mixing 8 g NaC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 40 g K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] in 1 L water) | *NaAc + K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] solution (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) (prepared by mixing 8 g NaC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 40 g K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] in 1 L water) | ||
− | *5% citric acid (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) | + | *5% citric acid (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) |
− | *0.1 M AgNO<sub>3</sub> (on 50 mL flasks) | + | *0.1 M AgNO<sub>3</sub> (on 50 mL flasks) |
*Suitable columns which can be fitted with a stopper connected to a rubber ball so it can be pressurized (to quickly elute drops with short lived 234Pa from the column). | *Suitable columns which can be fitted with a stopper connected to a rubber ball so it can be pressurized (to quickly elute drops with short lived 234Pa from the column). | ||
− | *Stop watches (one for each student) | + | *Stop watches (one for each student) |
− | *Sample holders to catch eluted drops from the colund and which can be mounted conveniently in the detector chamber | + | *Sample holders to catch eluted drops from the colund and which can be mounted conveniently in the detector chamber |
*Detectors - GM counters works well, but we have also used plastic scintillators mounted on PMTs and NaI-detectors. High efficiency is necessary to get god counting statistics even after the first 5-6 minutes. | *Detectors - GM counters works well, but we have also used plastic scintillators mounted on PMTs and NaI-detectors. High efficiency is necessary to get god counting statistics even after the first 5-6 minutes. | ||
Revision as of 05:07, 6 January 2011
This lab exercise was developed for the UiO KJM 5911 course. The students will prepare a ion-exchange collumn using DOWEX-50 ion-exchange material and extract 234Th from a 234U solution. The thorium sticks to the ion exchanger and 1.17-min 234Pa will grow inn. The column can be milked once every 12 min. The students use 234Pa samples to measure its half life.
Learning Goals
- Understand mother-daughter relations and radioactive equilibrium
- Understand how a radio-nuclide generator works and how it is used
- Understand how radioactivity is "growing in"
- Training in handling radioactive material and safety procedures
Explanation and Exercise Guide
- Student guide - theory
- Student guide - making the 234mPa radionuklide generator
- Student guide - how to measure the half life of 234mPa
- Student guide - determining the half life of 234mPa
- Instructions to teachers and supervisors
- Experience and feed-back from teachers (please add yours also!)
Equipment
- 2 M HCl on 100 mL flasks, one for each student)
- DOWEX 50x4 (50-100 mesh)
- Uranyl nitrate - UO2(NO3)2
- NaAc + K4[Fe(CN)6] solution (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student) (prepared by mixing 8 g NaC2H3O2 and 40 g K4[Fe(CN)6] in 1 L water)
- 5% citric acid (on 100 mL flasks, one for each student)
- 0.1 M AgNO3 (on 50 mL flasks)
- Suitable columns which can be fitted with a stopper connected to a rubber ball so it can be pressurized (to quickly elute drops with short lived 234Pa from the column).
- Stop watches (one for each student)
- Sample holders to catch eluted drops from the colund and which can be mounted conveniently in the detector chamber
- Detectors - GM counters works well, but we have also used plastic scintillators mounted on PMTs and NaI-detectors. High efficiency is necessary to get god counting statistics even after the first 5-6 minutes.
Safety Aspects
- Chemical safety - nothing particulary dangerous, 2 M HCl and 0.1 M AgNO3 should of course be handled according to normal safety precations. DOWEX residues and waste should be collected and handled according to normal procedures.
- Rad. safety - very small amounts of uranyl nitrate is used, so rad. safety is mostly about regulations and not a real healt hazzard. Remember to collect the DOWEX from the ion-exchange collumns in separate containers as it is contaminated with 24-day 234Th (will be none-radioactive after one year).