Mandatory Topic 3 (for MSc degree)

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Detection and measurement of radiation

Aims

To teach the students basic knowledge on interaction processes of radiation with matter as a basis for radiation detection, basic instrumentation in radiation detection, detector types and formation of electric pulses in them, interpretation of various spectra, energy resolution, energy and efficiency calibrations. Since ICP-MS is becoming a standard method for the measurement of many radionuclides basics on mass spectrometric measurement of radionuclides should also be at least shortly covered.


Subtopics

  • interaction processes of radiation with matter (ionization, scattering, excitation, formation of electromagnetic radiation, nuclear reaction)
    • alpha
    • beta
      o gamma
    • neutrons
  • basic instrumentation in radiation measurements (detector, preamplifier, amplifier, ADC, MCA)
  • pulse counting vs. spectrometry
  • pulse rate 􀃆 counting efficiency 􀃆 activity
    - factors affecting counting efficiency (detector efficiency, absorption, geometry, selfabsorption,
    backscattering, dead-time)
  • energy resolution
  • detectors for radiation measurement:
    • gas ionization detectors
    • solid and liquid scintillators
    • semiconductor detectors
  • statistics and error calculations in radiometric measurements
  • interpretation of gamma, alpha, beta and X-ray spectra
  • energy and efficiency calibrations
  • liquid scintillation counting
  • radiation imaging (autoradiography, fission and alpha track counting etc)
  • background formation and subtraction
  • quality control in radiation measurements
  • mass spectrometric measurement of radionuclides

Teaching Material from NukWik