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“Anthropocene”, which is suggested by Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer in 2000,  is one of the suggestions to define the current geological era, view as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment (Oxford dictionary, 2020). Anthropocene is the name of proposed era in which human activities have significant effects on the earth’s geology and its environment (Lewis et al, 2015).  
 
“Anthropocene”, which is suggested by Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer in 2000,  is one of the suggestions to define the current geological era, view as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment (Oxford dictionary, 2020). Anthropocene is the name of proposed era in which human activities have significant effects on the earth’s geology and its environment (Lewis et al, 2015).  
  
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In other word, it names an age in which human industry has come to equal or even surpass the processes of geology, and in which humans in their attempt to conquer nature have inadvertently become a major force in its destruction (Crutzen&Stoermer, 2000; Steffen, et al., 2015).   
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In other word, it names an age in which human industry has come to equal or even surpass the processes of geology, and in which humans in their attempt to conquer nature have inadvertently become a major force in its destruction (Crutzen&Stoermer, 2000; Steffen, et al., 2015).     
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=== D'''ating the Anthropocene''' ===
 
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The concept Anthropocene has been developed and explored by various discipline, including atmospheric chemistry, climatology, oceanography, and geology, (Hamilton et al, 2015). “The Anthropocene” is now a buzzword in international ''geoscience'' circles and commanding the attention of various social scientists and humanists, (Castree. N, 2014). According to statement of John P. Rafferty, Anthropocene is derived from Greek and means the “recent age of man”. The Greek words ''anthropo,'' for “man,” and ''cene'' “new.”  The Anthropocene concept possesses an uncommon grandeur or capaciousness. This was more than a “pure” science concept, it significantly amplified the socio-economic, cultural and political implications of the climate change idea (Castree. N, 2014). Over the last decade the concept of the Anthropocene seems to have spread virally, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences and humanities with remarkable ease,(Barry et al, 2016). But the definite emergence Anthropocene era is not defined. The Anthropocene’s starting date is the matter of debate, (Hamilton et al, 2015). It is difficult to put a precise date on a transition that occurred at different times and rates in different places, but it is clear that in 1750, the ''Industrial Revolution'' had barely begun but by 1850 it had almost completely transformed England and had spread to many other countries in Europe and across the Atlantic to North America. We thus suggest that the year AD 1800 could reasonably be chosen as the beginning of the Anthropocene, (Steffen et al 2011).  At present, there is no formal agreement on when the Anthropocene began with proposed date ranging from before the end of the last ''glaciation'' to the 1960s (Lewis et al, 2015).  Crutzen and Stoermer originally proposed that the start of the Anthropocene should be coincident with the beginning of the ''Industrial Revolution'' and James Watt’s 1784 refinement of the steam engine. Others followed, including stratigraphers, suggesting that 1800 should be the beginning of the Anthropocene, (Lewis et al, 2015).   
 
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The Biologist ''Eugene F. Stoermer'' wrote that ‘I began using the term “anthropocene” in the 1980s, but never formalized it until Paul contacted me’, (Steffen et al 2011). Later on, the atmospheric chemist and ''Nobel Price'' winner, ''Paul Crutzen'' first mooted it in 2000, (Hamilton et al 2015).  In 2002, Paul Crutzen resurrected the concept of the Anthropocene to denote the current interval of time on Earth in which many key processes are dominated by human influence (Zalasiewiczi et al, 2011). Dating the start of the Anthropocene to around AD 1800, as originally proposed, has generated some ongoing controversy, but there is general consensus around the view, (Oldfield.F,2013. However, Lewis and Maslin concluded that most conclude that most proposed Anthropocene start dates, including the earliest detectable human impacts, earliest widespread impacts, and historic events such as the Industrial Revolution, can probably be rejected. Because they are not derived from a globally synchronous marker and viewed that only those environmental changes associated with well-mixed atmospheric gases provide clearly global synchronous geological markers on an annual or decadal scale, as is required to define a GSSP for the Anthropocene. Thus, the CH<sub>4</sub> inflection is unlikely to be a strong candidate for the beginning of the Anthropocene. Likewise, they expressed that only two other events—the ''Orbis spike'' dip in CO<sub>2</sub> with a minimum at 1610, and the ''bomb spike 1964'' peak in C—appear to fulfil the criteria for a Global Stratotype Section and point (GSSP) to define the inception of the Anthropocene. the main benefit of selecting 1610 ''Orbis spike'' is the geological and historical importance of the event whereas the ''bomb spike 1964'' give the sheer variety of human impacts recorded during the Great Acceleration,(Lewis et al, 2015).
 
  
 
===Insight/Significant ===
 
===Insight/Significant ===

Revision as of 13:23, 31 August 2020

Anthropocene

Definition

“Anthropocene”, which is suggested by Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer in 2000, is one of the suggestions to define the current geological era, view as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment (Oxford dictionary, 2020). Anthropocene is the name of proposed era in which human activities have significant effects on the earth’s geology and its environment (Lewis et al, 2015).  

In other word, it names an age in which human industry has come to equal or even surpass the processes of geology, and in which humans in their attempt to conquer nature have inadvertently become a major force in its destruction (Crutzen&Stoermer, 2000; Steffen, et al., 2015).   

Insight/Significant

The concept of Anthropocene means that human has become the dominant driver of global earth system change (Crutzen, 2002). In other words, the Anthropocene indicates that the earth-ecological crisis facing today was caused because of the developed power of socio-economy, not because of the earth system (Steffen, et al., 2011).

The Anthropocene challenges us all to radically rethink what nature, humans as well as the political and historical relationship between them might be at the end of the world, peppering its message of environmental doom with the promise of scientific renewal (and global survival) through trans-disciplinary collaboration. This bipolar message of a new science and a new politics amidst ruins is exhilarating for some, and seems to come at an opportune moment.(Harway, et al., 2015)

Reference

Crutzen, P. J., & Stoermer, E. F. (2000). The Anthropocene. Global Change Newsletter, 41, May 2020. 17-18.

Crutzen, P.J. (2002). Geology of mankind. Nature, 415, January 2002. 23.

Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O., & Ludwig, C. (2015). The trajectory of the Anthropocene: the great acceleration. The Anthropocene Review, 2(1), 81-98. 

Steffen, W., Grinevald, J., Crutzen, P., & McNeill, J. (2011). The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369(1938), 842-867. 

Haraway, D., Ishikawa, N., Gilbert, S. F., Olwig, K., Tsing, A. L., & Bubandt, N.  (2015). Anthropologists Are Talking – About the Anthropocene. Ethnos, 81(3), 535-564. 

Oxford Dictionary. (2020, August 20) https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/anthropocene?q=anthropocene 

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