Forskjell mellom versjoner av «Noma/wal»

Revisjonen fra 26. okt. 2010 kl. 20:28

Walisiske kilder til norsk middelalderhistorie

Vita Griffini Filii Conani

§5
Animadversione hoc dignum est fuisse Haraldum, Haraldum Harfagyr suosque binos fratres filios regis Daniae, cuius fratrem Alanum regem et religionis sanctitate et virtutis gloria corporis praestantem, Twr quidam princeps inter preliandum interfecit. At dum spolia illi detraheret ac precipue collo torquem aureum ponderis gravissimi (quo ornamenti genere reges nobilesque tunc utebantur) extorqueret, adhaesit manibus torques genuaque defixa ventri iungebantur. Atque hoc fuit primum, quo eum miraculo ornaverat Deus; deinceps vero Dani eum divorum numero adscripserunt, eum honoribus sunt prosequuti non modicis, adeo ut templa ad eius nominis gloriam erigerent, ac per Daniam cultus ei perficerent, maxime vero nautam illum continuo invocabant, sacrificia donaque alia illi offerentes, si quando inter navigandum in pericula inciderent. Caeterum qui illum occidit princeps, post hoc facinus Thurkiawl est appellatus, qui tantae innocentiae regem peremisset.
Neque hoc praetereundum videtur, tres istos fratres mari longe lateque perlustrasse cum classe region more instructissima, ac tandem in Hyberniam pervenisse. Verum non multo antea Haraldus Harfagyr exercitum ducens copiosum eam erat ingressus, totamque Hyberniam pertransierat summa crudelitate incolas mactando fugandoque sic maximam eius partem sibi subiugarat. Ipse vero civitatem Dublinensem aliasque civitates, castella atque presidia edificabat, ubi iam in huius regni possessione confirmatus acquieverat, fratremque alterum in una illarum quas condiderat, urbium praefectum constituit, quae illorum usitato sermone vocatur Porthlarg, cuius posteritas in hodiernum diem eius urbis dominio potitur. At ipse Haraldus totam Hyberniam insulasque cunctas Daniae regebat, quae ex illo latere Hyberniae adiacent, ut insula Cyclades inter mare Tyren et Daniam. Tertius fratrum scilicet Rodulphus in Gallias naves direxit, ubi fortiter se gessit, variisque praeliis Gallos perdomuit, Galliaeque portionem non modicam subiecit, quam hoc tempore Normaniam vocitamus, quod viri Northwegiae ibi sedes fixerant, scilicet genus a Dania originem deducens. Hanc regionem in duodecim partes sunt partiti ad numerum Baronum vel similitudinem ducum, qui in aliam Galliae partem, Britanniam vel Wallice Lydaw dictam, olim advenerant. Hic civitates multas condiderunt ut Rodwn ad Rodwlfi regis primi perpetuam memoerum, ut Roma a Romulo nomen acceperat, et a Remo Rhemi: necnon alias urbes, castella, locaque presidiis firmata constituit. Ab hoc Rodulpho genus deducunt reges Normanniae qui Anglie regnum armis sibi acquisiverunt, scilicet Willhelmus, et filii duo, qui ei in regno constant. At Wilhelmus ille, vel Rufus, Henricus, neposque Stephanus coaetanei regis Griffini fuerant. Huius < > ergo fuerat stirpis Griffini series, quae paternam maternamque nobilitatem spectat.

§5
It is worth noting that Hard Haarfagr and his two brothers were sons of the king of Denmark, whose brother, king Alan, outstanding in the sanctity of his devotion and in the fame of his courage and of his appearance, was killed in battle by a prince, Twr. But while Twr was removing spoils from him, and in particular was twisting off a golden torc of great weight (a type of ornament used by kings and nobles at that time), the torc stuck to his hands and his knees were locked and joined to his stomach. And this was the first miracle by which God had marked him out; subsequently the Danes numbered him among their gods and bestowed great honours on him to the extent that they raised temples to the glory of his name and throughout Denmark they established a cult to him; and in particular they used to call upon as sailor, offering him sacrifices and other gifts, whenever they fell into danger while sailing. However the prince who killed him was called after this deed Thurkiawl, because he had killed a king of such great innocence.
And this should not seem to be overlooked: that those three brothers travelled far and wide over the sea with their fleet, fitted out very well in the royal manner, and in the end came to Ireland. Not long before Harald Haarfagr at the head of a large army had entered it, and had crossed the whole of Ireland slaughtering and routing the inhabitants with the greatest cruelty, and in this way had subjugated a very large part of it for himself. He indeed began to build the city of Dublin and other cities, and castles and forts where now he had settled confirmed in the possession of this kingdom, and he established one brother in one of the cities which he had founded as governor of the town which in the common speech of those people is called Porthlarg, and his descendants hold the city under their control to this day. But Harald himself used to rule over the whole of Ireland and all the islands of Denmark, which lie off that side of Ireland, just as island of the Cyclades lies between the Tyrrhenian Sea and Demark. The third brother, namely Rodulphus, directed his ships to Gaul, where he conducted himself bravely, and overcame the Gauls in various battles, and subdued a large part of Gaul, which today we call Normandy because the men of Norway had established their abode there, since they derived their ancestry from Denmark. They divided this region into twelve parts, according to the number of ‘barons’, or like the leaders who had formerly arrived in another part of Gaul, namely Brittany, or in Welsh Llydaw. Here they founded many cities such as Rouen in the everlasting memory of Rodulfus, their first king, just as Rome had taken its name from Romulus and Rheims from Remus; furthermore he established many other towns, castles and places strengthened by strongholds. From this Rodulphus the kings of Normandy, who acquired for themselves the kingdom of England, derived their origin, namely William and his two sons who succeeded him in the kingship. And that William, or Rufus, and Henry, and his nephew Stephen, were contemporaries of king Gruffudd. Such therefore was the genealogy of Gruffudd which relates to nobility on both his father’s and his mother’s side.

Vita Griffini Filii Conani: The Medieval Latin Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan, edited and translated by Paul Russell (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2005), s. 54-56 (ed.), 55-57 (transl.).

§27
Verum ecce postero die inexpectato singulari Dei providentia, regia classis appropinquans sese in conspectum optulit, qua a Francis animadversa (siquidem iam dominasset Danos foedifragos qui Griffinum deceperant) ad consuetas sibi fallendi artes se contulerunt. Atque ex Cambris confoederatis emiserunt quosdam ad insulanos, qui eos ad concordiam hortarentur persuaderentque statim firmare pacem quibus possent rationibus optime. Nam timebant ne ex utraque parte sumul urgerentur, scilicet ne eodem tempore et cum Cambris profugis ex una et cum hac regia classe ex altera parte dimicandum foret. Hac ratione fallaces Franci miserrimum populum huius insulae gravissima servitute oppressum v[…]da spe in fraudem pellexerunt, ne aetas sequens maiorum suorum tantas clades olim recordaretur.

§28
Veruntamen classem, quam superius inopinato conspectam diximus, ad regem Llychlyn spectantem, divini numinis singularis anima in Monam dirigere est dignata, ut plebem suam miseriis involutam tandem liberaret. Siquidem ad dominum suum ex infinitis praessuris et anxietatibus clamavit, et Deus eam salvam fecit.
Cum vero regi, qui huic classi praefuit, per interpretes monstraretur, quae haec esset insula, quis eius princes, quantae ibi caedes fierent, quam dira persequutio, quique essent tam cruentae stragis autories, condolere copeit ac fremere: itaque naves tres ad littus tendere praecepit. Quod cum Franci perceperunt, quamvis timidiores mulierculis, loricati, et pro more suo in equis sedentes ad pugnandum cum rege quiqe in terram e navibus errant expositi procedunt. Rex vero eiusque nautae fortiter ex adverso cum eis dimicarunt. Cadunt Franci ex equis, ut ficus de arboribus, aliii mortui, alii vulnerati crebris ictibus Danorum. At rex e puppi sagittam < > Hugonis Comitis Salopiae oculum perfodit, qui in terram exanimatus licet armatus prosternitur diutiusque cum ferro luctatur. Franci vero ex hoc fortuito eventu in fugam versi Danis terga ostendunt. Rex autem classem inde statim subduxit quae ad perscrutandas insulas Britanniae ac Hyberniae, quae totius orbis ultimae habentur, cum ingenti militum manu iter hoc suscepisset.

§27
But behold on the next day unexpectedly by the singular providence of God, an approaching royal fleet came into view, and when it was spotted by the French (indeed now it would have overcome the treaty-breaking Danes who had deceived Gruffud), they turned to their well practised arts of deception. And they sent to the islanders some of the Welshmen who were in league with them to urge them to make a pact and to persuade them immediately to establish a peace on whatever terms they could best achieve. For they were afraid that they might be pressured on two fronts at the same time, namely, lest at the same time they would be forced to fight with the Welsh fugitives on one side, and with this royal fleet on the other. In this way the deceitful French ensnared in deceit the wretched people of this island oppressed by the heaviest slavery into treachery with a […] hope, so that subsequent generations might not remember such a disaster.

§28
However, the singular spirit of a divine mind thought it right to steer that fleet, which we have said had been unexpectedly spotted and which belong to the king of Llychlyn, to Anglesey in order at last to free his people beset by misfortunes. Indeed, they called upon their Lord out of their unending burdens and anxieties, and God made them safe.
When the king in command of this fleet was told through guides what island this was, who was its king, how great the slaughter was happening there, how terrible was the persecution, and who the perpetrators of such a cruel massacre were, he began to share their grief and become angry; and so he sent three ships to go to the shore. When the French saw this, though more fearful than little women, in full armour and, as was their custom, mounted on horseback they went into battle with the king and those who had landed from the ships. But the king and his sailors fought bravely against them. The French fell from their horses, like figs from a tree, some dead, others wounded by the unceasing blows of blows of the Danes. But the king < > an arrow from the prow of his ship and it struck Hugh, earl of Shrewsbury, in the eye and he was laid low on the ground lifeless, though he was in full armour, and for a while struggled with the weapon. The French were put to flight by this chance occurrence and showed their backs to the Danes. The king, however, immediately withdrew his fleet because he had undertaken this journey with a huge band of soldiers to look at the islands of Britain and Ireland which are regarded as the furthest of the whole world. [Henvisning til Vergil her i Historia Gruffud vab Kenan, som sier: “the Britons were entirely separated from the whole world.”] Evans (1990), s. 78 (transl), 46 (ed.).

Vita Griffini Filii Conani: The Medieval Latin Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan, edited and translated by Paul Russell (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2005), s. 80-82 (ed.), 81-83 (transl.).